邢唷> (*'欹` 4bjbj鎳鎳 4勴勴4 &d6666J g bbbbb===  $ h  ==  bb! f f f  .bb f  f f f bV 痧嘼€寥60 "f 7 0g f R f f d=rf O\W=== \ ===g     $rr" A Remarkable Effort to test the Concept of Electrical Power Generation from Co-produced Oil Field Geothermal Waters W. Gosnold, M. Mann, H. Salefar, Zheng-Wen Zeng School of Engineering and Mines, University of North Dakota In response to the US Department of Energy FOA on Electrical Power Generation from Co-produced Oil Field Geothermal Waters, the University of North Dakota formed an engineering team that included a geophysicist, a chemical engineer, an electrical engineer, and a petroleum engineer, and developed collaborations with the North Dakota Geological Survey, Encore Acquisition, Ormat, and West Plains Electric Cooperative. Although the principal interest in the DOE FOA was to demonstrate the feasibility of adapting organic Rankine cycle (ORC) technology to generate electricity using oil field waste waters, our vision reached farther into the potential outcomes of the project. The amount of geothermal energy contained in oil and gas producing sedimentary basins is orders of magnitude greater than the energy requirements of the U.S., but it is largely untapped. Every year, the US oil and gas industry produces about 2 x 1012 gallons of 搘aste water at temperatures sufficient for electrical power generation using ORC technology. Estimates of the energy that could be generated from co-produced U.S. oil field waste waters range from 4,590 to 21,933 MWe depending on the temperature of the resource. Generation of electrical power using co-produced fluids from oil wells has great potential to be a significant, sustainable, and environmentally green energy resource. In particular, ORC power generation from geothermal waters could provide a means to significantly reduce the amount of CO2 produced during electrical power generation. If large-scale development proves feasible and economical, energy companies could re-develop abandoned or capped resources, and electrical power generated from geothermal waters could become a major component of the nations electrical power supply. We also saw the critical need to establish a path for technology transfer from this project so that its maximum potential can be attained. Consequently we have included objectives of technology transfer, information dissemination, and training of engineers who would contribute to the growth of this widely available energy resource. +tu \ ] ^ }  6 U W ^ " € 阕沂潞畅畅⒊⒊槼槕姵億ukahEThsx\乚hEThL\乚hEThl`;\乚 hEThL hEThl`; hETh1 h#\乚 h簑\乚hETh怱\乚 hsx\乚h蘷zh蘷z\乚 h蘷z\乚hETh15hEThET5h]Uhn5 hn5h蘷zhn5乵HsHh蘷zh蘷z5乵HsHh]Uhn5>* h蘷z5>*t4 勑7$8$H$`勑gdsx$勑7$8$H$`勑a$gd1$勑7$8$H$`勑a$gdn$a$gdn4€ "$q~4絷汴仃汴汴雁雁雁雁雁 h'.\乚hEThsxH*\乚 hsx\乚hEThsx\乚hEThsxH*\乚21恏:pbrG靶/ 班=!盃"盃#悹$悹%靶靶 愋@@@ NormalCJ_HaJmH sH tH DA@D Default Paragraph FontRi@R  Table Normal4 l4a (k@(No ListFV@F FollowedHyperlink >*B* ph€€4  爖4 t6 $崿$崿$崿$崿$崿$崿6 0€€8Mt6 0€€0€€0€€0€€0€€0€€t6 欯0€€姁000€€0€€0€€€欯0€€h€€ 4 4 4 8@€€€饞0(  養 S  ? (糾 (l (Dl 4\ (L} 觩4膟 詐4剏 蚿4Dz 裵4z 蟨4剒 襭4 x !!SS//6   %%UU336  9 *€urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags€place€= *€urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags €PlaceType€= *€urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags €PlaceName€B *€urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags€country-region€   tuwfi6 tmo6 :6 6 SR俙#怱雐R=L - 1機+F:玔) *d34p5yU5闎7扞7l`;v<奜=brG M僿Q)S刦St X蹳Z4[cV9hHhj^Ck@epu髍v蘷z'~3?認€$'\餰蒟 隱'.S7as5C齱+MNytrLnoR"sxKqETJ].凙6$ :簑'℉5穊y辿篜s*t6 @€3 3 躎t993 3 4 P@UnknownG噝 €Times New Roman5€Symbol3& 噝 €Arial"q鹦hら艈ラ艈穯__!亖>40 0  3僸HX)?j2Help from anyone on this Will Gosnold Will Gosnold鄥燆鵒h珣+'迟0 (4 T ` l xHelp from anyone on thisWill GosnoldNormalWill Gosnold3Microsoft Office Word@寙G@鏉鞗锨@虚*€寥@璑€寥_胀諟.摋+,0 hp   University of North Dakota0  Help from anyone on this Title  !"#$%&)Root Entry F/€寥+€1TableWordDocument4SummaryInformation(DocumentSummaryInformation8CompObjq  FMicrosoft Office Word Document MSWordDocWord.Document.89瞦